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METHOD:- 1. Draw xy line using H pencil. Mark a' 20 mm above xy and point a 25 mm below xy which are in the 1st quadrant. 2. Draw CD line parallel to xy which is 40 mm above the xy line.(use 2H pencil) 3. Draw EF line which is also parallel to xy line and 65 mm below the xy.(use 2H pencil) 4. From point a' and taking an arc of 65 mm draw an arc on CD which cuts at point b'. Join a'b' by HB pencil which is front view of the line. 5. From point b' draw a line vertically downward which meets 25 mm infront line at point b.(it is top view of 65 mm line which is always parallel to xy line.) Use 2H pencil. 6. Taking a as a centre and radius equal to ab draw an arc, which cuts the EF line at point b1. Join a and b1 by HB pencil. 7. From point b1 draw a line vertically upward which cuts the line CD at point b1'. Join a' and b1' by HB pencil. It shows another front view. 8. Now a' as a centre and radius equal to a'b1' make an arc downwa...

  INTRODUCTION The term automobile or automotive stands for a vehicle which can be moved by itself. Therefore, an automobile is a self-propelled vehicle. It is used for the transportation of   passengers, goods from one place to another on the ground. A vehicle producing Power  within itself for its- propulsion is known as self-propelled vehicles. Example. scooters,  mopeds, cars, lorry, bus, jeep, tractors, ship, airplanes, helicopters, rockets etc. Automobile vehicles differ from aeronautical vehicle .such as ships, airplanes,  helicopters, rockets etc., which fly in air and from  marine vehicles such as motor boat which  sail in water. Modern automobiles are produced by using complex components of machineries and  therefore it requires a careful attention for making it to perform the task in a safe, economical and  efficient way. It is made up of a frame supported by the body and power producing units  and power transmitting unit...